Glasses Frame Materials Explained: Acetate, Metal, Titanium

Glasses frames are mostly made from plastics such as acetate, injected plastic and TR90, or metals such as stainless steel, titanium and beta-titanium, with wood as a less common option. Each material changes the weight, strength, comfort and look of your glasses. The right choice depends on your lifestyle, your skin and the style you want.

Plastic frame materials

Acetate

Acetate (cellulose acetate) is a plant-based plastic cut from blocks or sheets. It allows deep colours, layered patterns and tortoiseshell effects because the colour runs through the material rather than being painted on. Acetate frames feel solid and can be warmed and adjusted by an optician. They are a little heavier than some other materials, and very thin acetate can warp if left in heat.

Injected plastic

Injected plastic frames are made by pouring melted plastic into a mould. They are usually lighter and more budget-friendly than acetate. Colour is often applied to the surface, so it can wear over time. They are harder to adjust, so getting the right size from the start matters.

TR90

TR90 is a type of thermoplastic (a plastic that softens with heat). It is light and flexible, and bends rather than snaps under pressure. That makes it popular for kids, sport and active wear. Read more in eyewear for kids and sunglasses for sport and outdoors.

Metal frame materials

Mixed metals and Monel

Many metal frames use alloys (blends of metals). They are easy to shape and adjust and come in many finishes. Some alloys contain nickel, which can irritate people with a nickel sensitivity.

Stainless steel

Stainless steel is strong, thin and resists corrosion. It is usually nickel-free or low in nickel, though this varies by maker. It gives a sleek, modern look at a sensible price.

Titanium

Titanium is very light, strong and does not rust. It is generally considered hypoallergenic, meaning it is unlikely to cause skin reactions. Titanium frames tend to cost more, but many people find them comfortable enough to forget they are wearing them.

Beta-titanium

Beta-titanium is a titanium alloy with extra flexibility. It is often used for arms and bridges that need to bend and spring back. It shares most of titanium's benefits.

Wood and other natural materials

Wooden frames have a natural grain, so no two are quite the same. They are usually light, but they cannot be adjusted as easily as acetate or metal, and they need protecting from water and heat. Some frames combine wood with metal or acetate for strength.

Frame materials compared

How to choose

• Sensitive skin: titanium, stainless steel or acetate are common choices. Tell us about any allergies.
• Active or hard on glasses: TR90, beta-titanium or frames with spring hinges.
• Strong prescription: a sturdy full-rim acetate frame can hide thicker lens edges. See lens materials and thickness.
• Want a bold look: acetate gives the widest range of colours.
• Want light and minimal: titanium, often in a rimless or semi-rimless style. Compare styles in full-rim, semi-rimless and rimless glasses.

Materials for sunglasses

Sunglasses use the same materials, with a few differences. Acetate is popular for fashion and designer sunglasses. TR90 and other light plastics are common in sports styles because they flex and stay comfortable during exercise. Metal aviators often use stainless steel or titanium. If your sunglasses will spend time near salt water, sand or a hot car, choose a material that copes well and store them in a case. Our guide to UV protection and sunglasses in NZ explains what to look for in the lenses.

How long do frames last?

It depends on the material, how often you wear them and how you treat them. Acetate can last many years with care, though colours may soften in strong sun. Metal frames can loosen at the hinges and pads but are usually easy to tighten. Most frames last longer with regular adjustments and a good case.

Whatever the material, fit matters more than anything. Our guide on how glasses should fit explains what to look for, and how to clean glasses properly helps any frame last longer.

The best way to compare materials is to hold them. Visit our Panmure store to try acetate, metal and titanium frames side by side, or browse our optical frames online.